The Supply Side of Innovation: H-1B Visa Reforms and US Ethnic Invention
| Authors: | William R. Kerr and William F. Lincoln |
|---|---|
| Published: | January 21, 2009 |
| Paper Release Date: | December 2008 |
| Feature: | Working Papers |
The H-1B visa program governs most admissions of temporary immigrants into the U.S. for employment in patenting-related fields. This program has become a point of significant controversy in the public debate over immigration, with proponents and detractors at odds over how important H-1B admission levels are for U.S. technology advancement and whether native U.S. workers are being displaced by immigrants. In this study, Kerr and Lincoln quantify the impact of changes in H-1B admission levels on the pace and character of U.S. invention over the 1995-2006 period.
Published in 2007
The Ethnic Composition of U.S. Inventors
| Author: | William R. Kerr |
|---|---|
| Published: | September 12, 2007 |
| Paper Release Date: | August 2007 |
| Feature: | Working Papers |
The contributions of immigrants to U.S. technology formation are staggering. While the foreign-born account for just over 10 percent of the U.S. working population, they represent 25 percent of the U.S. science and engineering workforce and nearly 50 percent of those with doctorates. Even looking within the Ph.D. level, ethnic researchers make an exceptional contribution to science as measured by Nobel Prizes, election to the National Academy of Sciences, patent citation counts, and so on. The magnitude of these ethnic contributions raises many research and policy questions: 4 examples are debates regarding the appropriate quota for H1-B temporary visas, the possible crowding out of native students from the science and engineering fields, the brain-drain or brain-circulation effect on sending countries, and the future prospects for U.S. technology leadership. This paper describes a new approach for quantifying the ethnic composition of U.S. inventors with previously unavailable detail.
The Persuasive Appeal of Stigma
| Authors: | Michael I. Norton, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Dana R. Carney, and Dan Ariely |
|---|---|
| Published: | July 10, 2007 |
| Paper Release Date: | June 2007 |
| Feature: | Working Papers |
Are minority groups more persuasive when their conversations with majority groups are conducted face-to-face? Interracial interactions are among the most perilous social occasions in contemporary America, full of opportunities for things to go awry. People in stigmatized groups, for instance, may worry that members of majority groups hold prejudiced attitudes that can lead to discriminatory or offensive behavior. Members of majority groups, for their part, may fear coming across as biased or racist. While psychology has traditionally explored the damaging effects of such interactions on social exchange, new findings contribute to the growing recognition that stigma may be a two-sided construct, marked with a host of costs but occasional benefits. This study demonstrates the persuasive power of stigmatized individuals and shows how self-presentational concerns may change attitudes.
Published in 2006
Unfinished Business: The Impact of Race on Understanding Mentoring Relationships
| Authors: | Stacy Blake-Beard, Audrey Murrell, and David Thomas |
|---|---|
| Published: | August 17, 2006 |
| Paper Release Date: | June 2006 |
| Feature: | Working Papers |
Race is a critical component of relationships in organizations, particularly in the United States and, due to shifting demographics, particularly for the future. As a socially embedded phenomenon, race also provides a lens for research on mentoring. This paper discusses why race and mentoring are important, how race has been studied or omitted in research to date, and what is known about the intersection of mentoring and race in organizations. The authors then discuss their own model, which aims to guide future research.
Published in 2005
Asian and American Leadership Styles: How Are They Unique?
| Published: | June 27, 2005 |
|---|---|
| Feature: | Research & Ideas |
Business leadership is at the core of Asian economic development, says HBS professor D. Quinn Mills. As he explained recently in Kuala Lumpur, the American and Asian leadership styles, while very different, also share important similarities.
Published in 2004
IBM Finds Profit in Diversity
| Published: | September 27, 2004 |
|---|---|
| Feature: | Research & Ideas |
Former CEO Lou Gerstner established a diversity initiative that embraced differences instead of ignoring them. In this Harvard Business Review excerpt, professor David A. Thomas describes why IBM made diversity a cornerstone strategy.
Racial Diversity Pays Off
| Published: | June 21, 2004 |
|---|---|
| Feature: | Research & Ideas |
Diversity has been a buzzword in organizations for at least fifteen years. How much is really known about its effects on performance? HBS professors Robin Ely and David Thomas investigate.
Published in 2003
Building Communities as Well as Companies
| Published: | February 17, 2003 |
|---|---|
| Feature: | Research & Ideas |
Starting and sustaining a minority-owned business has never been easy. The challenges are even greater in today's tough economy. Successful entrepreneurs share their experiences.
