- 01 May 2017
- Research & Ideas
Bad At Your Job? Maybe It's the Job’s Fault
A poorly designed job can work against even the most dedicated employee, setting the person up to fail. Robert Simons explains how to gauge whether an employee's position offers the right mix of organizational support and responsibility. Open for comment; Comment(s) posted.
- 17 Nov 2015
- Working Paper Summaries
Self-Interest: The Economist's Straitjacket
Research explores the downsides of self-interest on businesses, government, and the economy as a whole.
- 24 Jun 2013
- Working Paper Summaries
The Entrepreneurial Gap: How Managers Adjust Span of Accountability and Span of Control to Implement Business Strategy
The management accounting literature of the past twenty years is replete with studies of budgeting systems, balanced scorecards, performance measures, and contract-based incentives. Relatively little attention has been devoted, however, to the organization structure in which these systems exist. Existing accounting theory has little to say, for example, on how the design of performance measures might differ if a business is organized by function, by region, or by product or customer group. In this study, which augments in-depth field data collected by the author in three separate companies with a larger data set generated by 72 teams of MBA student researchers, organization design is reintroduced as a critical variable in understanding management control systems in the context of intensifying global competition. Results suggest that managers appear to adjust span of accountability relative to span of control based on the degree of innovation and independent initiative they wish to foster. In addition, when managers want employees to build long-term relationships with customers, develop new products and services, or navigate the labyrinths created by complex organization designs, they set span of accountability wider than span of control. Key concepts include: The propositions developed in this study offer a potentially new way of thinking about the links between accountability, performance measures, and organization design in complex organizations. Holding individuals accountable for measures that are wider than the resources they control forces them to become resourceful in working with others in different units to figure out how to solve problems and turn opportunities to advantage. At the same time, norms must exist that encourage the offering of a helping hand to those seeking new ways of achieving their goals. Without these conditions, dysfunctional behavior is inevitable. Closed for comment; 0 Comment(s) posted.
- 22 Nov 2010
- Research & Ideas
Seven Strategy Questions: A Simple Approach for Better Execution
Successful business strategy lies not in having all the right answers, but rather in asking the right questions, says Harvard Business School professor Robert Simons. In an excerpt from his book Seven Strategy Questions, Simons explains how managers can make smarter choices. Closed for comment; 0 Comment(s) posted.
- 03 Feb 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
Accountability and Control as Catalysts for Strategic Exploration and Exploitation: Field Study Results
The need for organizations to both exploit current resources and explore new opportunities is a central and long-standing theme in the literature of organizations. The challenge, of course, is that these two imperatives require very different structures and skills. Exploitation demands a focus on efficiency and effectiveness in executing preset plans and procedures. Exploration requires the ability to step outside these routines by emphasizing experimentation, creativity, and novelty. In this study, HBS professor Robert L. Simons focuses on the relationship between two organization design variables—span of control and span of accountability. Using data from 102 field studies, he illustrates how these variables can be manipulated by managers to tilt the balance toward either exploration or exploitation in response to different tasks, different organizational contexts, and changing competitive environments. Key concepts include: Managers can fine-tune their organization along the dimensions of exploitation and exploration more easily than we may have suspected. For these situations, accountability and control can be adjusted to create an opening for entrepreneurship. It is the tension between the resources allocated by organizational architecture and accountability for those resources that provides a powerful catalyst for strategic exploitation and exploration. Most of the research on exploration and exploitation has focused on design architecture (centralization/decentralization, internal venture groups, alliances) and related organizational coordinating mechanisms. We must remember, however, that these structures are merely tools to affect the behavior of individuals. It is individuals, in the end, who must devote their energy and attention to either exploiting current resources or exploring new opportunities. Closed for comment; 0 Comment(s) posted.
- 27 Jun 2007
- Lessons from the Classroom
Learning to Make the Move to CEO
Even experienced managers need to learn more if they hope to ascend to the C-Suite. In a program created by Harvard Business School Executive Education, participants learn new techniques and perspectives not only from faculty but from their cohorts as well. Closed for comment; 0 Comment(s) posted.
- 30 Oct 2005
- Research & Ideas
Tuning Jobs to Fit Your Company
In this article excerpt from Harvard Business Review, professor Robert Simons looks at how organizations can adjust the "span" of jobs to increase performance. Closed for comment; 0 Comment(s) posted.
- 25 Jul 2005
- Research & Ideas
An Organization Your Customers Understand
Defining your primary customer is an ideal "outside-in" approach to better designing your whole organizational structure. In this excerpt from his new book, Levers of Organization Design, HBS professor Robert Simons describes how to do it. Closed for comment; 0 Comment(s) posted.
- 01 Feb 2000
- Research & Ideas
5 Career-Related New Year’s Resolutions (and 5 Tips for Keeping Them)
Here are well-researched tips from Harvard Business School faculty to help you keep your career-related resolutions this year. Open for comment; Comment(s) posted.