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    • COVID-19 Business Impact Center
      COVID-19 Business Impact Center
      First Look: August 23

      First Look

      23 Aug 2011

      Advertising That Bites Back

      In an unexpected finding in their research paper Advertising, the Matchmaker, Bharat N. Anand and Ron Shachar discovered that poorly targeted television advertising can actually decrease a consumer's interest in buying a product. The paper, to be published in RAND Journal of Economics, looks at the "matching role of advertising" as seen through the lens of cross-promotions used by TV networks to entice viewers to watch other programs. The paper cites the example of a man, who is interested in sports and action shows, viewing a cross-promotion for a new romance show. It turns out that having seen the ad for the romance, he's less likely to watch it than if he knew nothing about it. The researchers observe: "The danger of exposing the wrong consumer to advertisements creates sharp incentives for precise targeting and increases the demand for media channels that deliver highly segmented audiences."

      Understanding Government Debt

      Understanding the mechanics of government debt goes beyond simply knowing about deficits and debt. In the note "How Government Debt Accumulates," Dante Roscini and Jonathan Schlefer explain the mechanics behind how that happens. The authors broaden our understanding by showing how a variety of factors including interest rates, exchange rates, and inflation all contribute to government debt levels.

      Ufc: Fighting For Life

      Last week, The Ultimate Fighting Championship and the FOX network announced an agreement that will see near 70 fight events broadcast over seven years-a major win for UFC, which in 2001 was near bankruptcy. In the new case "Ultimate Fighting Championship: License to Operate," George Serafeim and Kyle Welch look at the decisions of potential investor Lorenzo Fertitta deciding whether to invest in the company.

      —Sean Silverthorne
      LinkedIn
      Email
       

      Publications

      Challenges to Business in the Twenty-First Century

      Authors:Gerald Rosenfeld, Jay W. Lorsch, and Rakesh Khurana, eds.
      Publication:Cambridge, Mass.: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011

      An abstract is unavailable at this time.

      Book: http://www.amacad.org/publications/Challenges.aspx

      Advertising, the Matchmaker

      Authors:Bharat N. Anand and Ron Shachar
      Publication:RAND Journal of Economics 42, no. 2 (summer 2011)
      Abstract

      We empirically study the informational role of advertising in matching consumers with products when consumers are uncertain about both observable and unobserved program attributes. Our focus is on the network television industry, in which the products are television shows. We estimate a model that allows us to distinguish between the direct effect of advertising on utility and its effect through the information set. A notable behavioral implication is that exposure to informational advertising can decrease the consumer's tendency to purchase the promoted product. The structural estimates imply that an exposure to a single advertisement decreases the consumer's probability of not choosing her best alternative by approximately 10%. Our results are relevant for industries characterized by product proliferation and horizontal differentiation.

      Read the paper: http://www.people.hbs.edu/banand/matchmaker2011published.pdf

      Accelerating the Adoption of Integrated Reporting

      Authors:Robert G. Eccles and George Serafeim
      Publication:Chap. 2.2 of CSR Index
      Abstract

      This chapter describes the concept of integrated reporting, provides a brief history of its development, reviews the current state of practice, presents a strategy for institutional change that will accelerate the adoption of integrated reporting in order to meet the five-year objective, and concludes with a call to the reader to do whatever he or she can to speed the adoption of integrated reporting.

      A 2-phase Labeling and Choice Architecture Intervention to Improve Healthy Food and Beverage Choice

      Authors:Anne Thorndike, Lilian Sonnenberg, Jason Riis, Susan Barraclough, and Doug Levy
      Publication:American Journal of Public Health (forthcoming)
      Abstract

      Objectives: We assessed whether a 2-phase labeling and choice architecture intervention increased sales of healthy food and beverages in a large hospital cafeteria.

      Methods: Phase 1 was a 3-month color-coded labeling intervention (red= "unhealthy"; yellow= "less healthy"; green= "healthy"). Phase 2 added a 3-month choice architecture intervention which increased visibility and convenience of some green items. We compared relative changes in 3-month sales from baseline to Phase 1 and from Phase 1 to Phase 2.

      Results: At baseline (N=977,793 items, including 199,513 beverages), 24.9% of sales were red and 42.2% green. Sales of red items decreased in both phases (p

      Conclusions: A color-coded labeling intervention improved sales of healthy items and was enhanced by a choice architecture intervention.

       

      Working Papers

      When Smaller Menus Are Better: Variability in Menu-Setting Ability

      Authors:David Goldreich and Hanna Hałaburda
      Abstract

      Are large menus better than small menus? Recent literature argues that individuals' apparent preference for smaller menus can be explained by choosers' behavioral biases or informational limitations. These explanations imply that absent behavioral or informational effects, larger menus would be objectively better. However, in an important economic context—401(k) pension plans—we find that larger menus are objectively worse than smaller menus, as measured by the maximum Sharpe ratio achievable. We propose a model in which menu setters differ in their ability to preselect the menu. We show that when the cost of increasing the menu size is sufficiently small, a lower-ability menu setter optimally offers more items in the menu than a higher-ability menu setter. Nevertheless, the menu optimally offered by a higher-ability menu setter remains superior. This results in a negative relation between menu size and menu quality: smaller menus are better than larger menus.

      Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/11-086.pdf

       

      Cases & Course Materials

      BANEX and the ,,No Pago" Movement (A)

      Shawn Cole and Baily Blair Kempner
      Harvard Business School Case 211-092

      This case examines Grassroots Capital's decision of whether or not to continue investing in a Bolivian microfinance bank that is suffering financial distress.

      Purchase this case:
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/211092-PDF-ENG

      Purchase this supplement (B):
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/211102-PDF-ENG

      The Sandbox: Creating a Bottom-Up Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

      Shikhar Ghosh, Lynda M. Applegate, Rhea Ghosh, and Amar Kumar
      Harvard Business School Case 811-053

      Discussion of new model of social enterprise that applies the venture capital model to social enterprise.

      Purchase this case:
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/811053-PDF-ENG

      Redesigning a 401(k) Plan at Haley-Midland

      Robert C. Pozen and Scott Perl
      Harvard Business School Case 311-128

      Rose Adams, the CFO of Haley-Midland, Inc., dispensed with pleasantries and started right in on her questions for Jim Sweeney, the senior vice president of human resources, and Nancy Walters, Haley-Midland's vice president and treasurer, about the brewing crisis with the company's 401(k) plan.

      Purchase this case:
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/311128-PDF-ENG

      How Government Debt Accumulates

      Dante Roscini and Jonathan Schlefer
      Harvard Business School Note 711-087

      This note discusses the economics of government debt accumulation. Fiscal deficits are only part of the picture; other factors include the level of debt as a percent of nominal GDP; the interest rate; the inflation rate; the growth rate; and changes in the exchange rate if some debt is owed in a foreign currency. The note discusses how these factors interact to affect government debt levels.

      Purchase this note:
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/711087-PDF-ENG

      Oddo Securities—ESG Integration

      George Serafeim, Paul M. Healy, and Aldo Sesia
      Harvard Business School Case 111-085

      The case describes the process of integrating environmental, social, and governance issues into valuation models and research analyst recommendations.

      Purchase this case:
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/111085-PDF-ENG

      Ultimate Fighting Championship: License to Operate

      George Serafeim and Kyle Welch
      Harvard Business School Case 112-011

      The case describes the challenges that Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) faced as a result of regulatory opposition and loss of the license to operate. The genesis of the business idea, the subsequent growth, and the fall of the UFC are described. The case concludes with Lorenzo Fertitta deciding whether to invest in the company.

      Purchase this case:
      http://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cb/product/112011-PDF-ENG

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