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      Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis
      20 Oct 2015Working Paper Summaries

      Internalizing Global Value Chains: A Firm-Level Analysis

      by Laura Alfaro, Pol Antras, Davin Chor and Paola Conconi
      Manufacturing activities that used to be performed in close proximity are increasingly fragmented across firms and countries. This paper provides strong evidence that considerations driven by contractual frictions critically shape firms' ownership decisions along their value chains.
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      Author Abstract

      In recent decades, technological progress in information and communication technology and falling trade barriers have led firms to retain within their boundaries and in their domestic economies only a subset of their production stages. A key decision facing firms worldwide is the extent of control to exert over the different segments of their production processes. Building on Antràs and Chor (2013), we describe a property-rights model of firm boundary choices along the value chain. To assess the evidence, we construct firm-level measures of the upstreamness of integrated and non-integrated inputs by combining information on the production activities of firms operating in more than 100 countries with Input-Output tables. In line with the model's predictions, we find that whether a firm integrates upstream or downstream suppliers depends crucially on the elasticity of demand for its final product. Moreover, a firm's propensity to integrate a given stage of the value chain is shaped by the relative contractibility of the stages located upstream versus downstream from that stage. Our results suggest that contractual frictions play an important role in shaping the integration choices of firms around the world. (Online appendix available.)

      Paper Information

      • Full Working Paper Text
      • Working Paper Publication Date: September 2015
      • HBS Working Paper Number: 16-028
      • Faculty Unit(s): Business, Government and International Economy
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      Laura Alfaro
      Laura Alfaro
      Warren Alpert Professor of Business Administration
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