Asian beliefs, philosophies, and practices are influencing everything from the way we treat the ill to how we make cars. Now, a Harvard Business School professor is looking to the East as a model for developing strong business leaders.
William George, an expert on leadership development, recently teamed with Tibetan Buddhist meditation master Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche to present a conference on "mindful leadership," a secular process to explore the roles of self-awareness and self-compassion in developing strong and effective leaders.
"To our knowledge, this is the first time that a Buddhist Rinpoche and a leadership professor have joined forces to explore this subject and see how Eastern teaching can inform our Western thinking about leadership and vice versa," George says. You can read George's summary of the Mindful Leadership conference on his Web site.
For George, leaders who don't develop self-awareness are subject to becoming seduced by external rewards, such as power, money, and recognition. They also have difficulty acknowledging mistakes, an Achilles' heel that has crippled a number of CEOs who have appeared in the news recently.
We have set up a forum for readers to give their own ideas on this concept and to ask Professor George questions.
Sean Silverthorne: Tell us about the Mindful Leadership conference. What were the goals?
Bill George: The Mindful Leadership conference, which was held in Minneapolis August 13-14, 2010, brought together 400 participants in an exploration of how mindfulness can contribute to sustaining effective leadership. The seminar was co-led by Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche, a leading Buddhist meditation master, and myself.
Its goal was to bring together Western understanding about leadership and Eastern wisdom about the mind, developed from practices that have been used for thousands of years, to contribute to the self-awareness and self-compassion of leaders.
Q: What is mindful leadership, and what are its benefits?
A: Mindfulness is a state of being fully present, aware of oneself and other people, and sensitive to one's reactions to stressful situations. Leaders who are mindful tend to be more effective in understanding and relating to others, and motivating them toward shared goals. Hence, they become more effective in leadership roles.
Q: How does one become mindfully aware?
A: I would not claim to be an expert in this area. Our Mindful Leadership seminar focused on the practice of meditation as one of those ways, with a variety of meditation techniques taught by Rinpoche. This was strictly a secular teaching, not a Buddhist one. In my experience I have observed people become more mindful through prayer, introspective discussions, therapy, and the use of reflective techniques and exercises.
Q: You have said that few leaders lose their jobs because of lack of intelligence, but many do so because of lack of emotional intelligence. Can you talk about this a little more and give some examples.
A: Leaders with low emotional intelligence (EQ) often lack self-awareness and self-compassion, which can lead to a lack of self-regulation. This also makes it very difficult for them to feel compassion and empathy for others. Thus, they struggle to establish sustainable, authentic relationships.
Leaders who do not take time for introspection and reflection may be vulnerable to being seduced by external rewards, such as power, money, and recognition. Or they may feel a need to appear so perfect to others that they cannot admit vulnerabilities and acknowledge mistakes. Some of the recent difficulties of Hewlett-Packard, British Petroleum, CEOs of failed Wall Street firms, and dozens of leaders who failed in the post-Enron era are examples of this.
Q: The two essential aspects of effective leaders, you explain, are self-awareness and self-compassion.
A: An essential aspect of effective leaders is authenticity; that is, being genuine and true to one's beliefs, values, and principles that make up what we call someone's True North.
Authenticity is developed by becoming more self-aware and having compassion for oneself, without which it is very difficult to feel genuine compassion for others. Self-awareness starts with understanding one's life story and the impact of one's crucibles, and reflecting on how these contribute to motivations and behaviors. As people come to accept the less-favored parts of themselves that they do not like or have rejected, as well as learning from failures and negative experiences, they gain compassion for themselves and authenticity in relating to the world around them.
Q: How does the work you are doing in this area align with your concept of "True North"?
A: In our work on True North and in teaching authentic leadership development to students and seasoned leaders, we have learned that the greatest challenge to following one's True North comes when the pressures and seductions are intense. That is when it is most crucial to be self-aware.
This of course is not a new idea. Self-awareness is central to Daniel Goleman's emotional intelligence. It is relatively rare to find people who are fully self-aware. Mindfulness is a logical step in this process of gaining self-awareness that should be combined with experiences in leading through challenging situations and gaining awareness through feedback and group support.
Q: I know you are a strong believer in group support in the development of leaders. Can you talk a bit about how group support differs from mentorship, for example?
A: Mentorship is a one-to-one process with someone who has greater experience and is willing to share from that experience. Group support as practiced in True North Groups consists of a small number of peers (usually five to eight) willing to share themselves and their lives and support each other through both good and difficult times. A key element of these groups is learning to give and receive nonjudgmental feedback in order to recognize blind spots, accept shortcomings, and gain the confidence to address great challenges in their lives.
Q: Do you think business schools should be paying more attention to this subject?
A: Any business school committed to developing leaders needs to offer courses and other experiential opportunities that enable students to develop greater awareness of themselves, their motivations, and their strengths and shortcomings.
This process is most effective when real-world experiences can be reflected upon to deepen self-understanding in a supportive and trusting environment. This is the central tenet of the Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) course at Harvard Business School, which will soon to be offered to leaders as part of the School's Executive Education offerings.
Q: If HBS Working Knowledge readers want to learn more about mindful leadership, which resources would you recommend?
A: Current literature on this subject is limited because the ideas are still in the early stages of development. I highly recommend Jon Kabat-Zinn's book Wherever You Go, There You Are and his CD Guided Mindfulness Meditation, and Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche's books The Joy of Living and Joyful Wisdom. In the ALD course at HBS, we use my book True North and its companion workbook, Finding Your True North: A Personal Guide.
Q: What are you working on next?
A: I am working on a book on peer support groups with Doug Baker that is tentatively titled "True North Groups: The Vital Link." These groups are based on the Leadership Development Groups we use at HBS and the groups Doug and I have participated in for more than 25 years. Many of the ideas we explored in the Mindful Leadership conference will be covered this book.
In my experience, often during the most troubling times I've found I must look inward to find the answers. Why should the corporate world be any different? The answers are always there, but the caveat is, we must be willing to listen to them. Listening requires a great deal of selflessness. It means that one's ego must be put aside for the greater good. Is that possible in the business world? In my optimistic mindset I would like to say yes, but alas, not all people are altruistic. More often than not, today's leaders are self-serving and have little to no regard for anything unrelated to improving their personal wealth and power position.
"Mindful Leadership" is not unlike stewardship in that both require careful, thoughtful, responsible management to ensure the long-term sustainability of an organization.
It is my hope that every one of today's leaders will read this article and take it to heart, but as a realist, I must admit that is not likely.
Thanks for the insightful and thought-provoking article.
We may be lesser known (including myself) to many readers of HBS but a great example is Tom's of Maine's founder Tom Chappell who wrote the book Values-Centered Leadership and lead the former Saltwater Institute teaching the Sevens Intentions.
I look forward to reading more about how leaders are integrating mindfulness and similar disciplines into the workplace, especially in large corporations.
Charlene Andersen
Kamigo Marketing
Unfortunately, not a single study has been done/documented with realistic and cutting remarks about these deficiencies in the south eastern corporations. It would be the best that, some one conducts a research on the "Typical" Leadership styles and management attitude of these companies.
The contrast is quite remarkable. Having spent 4 years beased in Saudi Arabia, but visiting most of the surrounding Islamic states on business, mindfulness is not an adjective that sprang to mind at any time during that sojourn.
So while this may be a sought after type of leadership I think it would be prudent to first prepare and structure an organization then go out and try to create such a candidate. Much in the same way a desert environment created the Camel and the financial markets spawned Enron executives. For that same suspicion also tells me if there is, or was, such a type of individual they would likely already be leading with compassionate waiting, and sacrificing them self unseen to all if necessary to show that way, as opposed to continuing on with the destruction.
In this regard, I believe the ideas of ancient Chinese thinkers could offer some fresh and original perspective. However, I doubt whether there is such thing as "eastern thinking". This is a term too vague and superficial to be relevant.
Besides, while Buddhism, at its core, contains a very profound meta-physical understanding of mind and universe, I do not think its use is merely for meditation or other methods. In fact, some revered Monks take a dim view of such practices and their value in helping one attain "Prajia".
Buddhism tries to address more fundamental issue facing humankind than how to become a effective business leader.
I would also recommend in that line a number of western authors who, whilst not claiming to be Buddhist, have "re-discovered" some profound truths. The Sedona Method for example is superb. Also Byron Katie's "The Work" again is very powerful and referring back to an early comment compassionate but very tough and clear. Also at the far end but one I found exhilarating as it appeared to me to be a profound translation of mindfulness into our western economic experience is Robert Scheinfeld "Busting Loose from the Money Game"
And as concerns "East meets West", people are the same all over the world from a managerial standpoint in spite of their differing cultures.
The reason for both of these comments is that all people want to be heard and be respected. The extent these needs are met by management dictates the level of employee engagement, whether they are fully committed and motivated to do their very best at work or whether they are mostly demotivated, demoralized and unproductive.
The most basic problem all managers have is their tendency to use the traditional top-down command and control approach to managing employees. That is a problem because that approach by its nature demotivates and demoralizes employees. The solution to this problem is easy-to-execute.
Best regards, Ben Simonton
Author "Leading People to be Highly Motivated and Committed"
http://www.leadingtoday.org/Onmag/jan03/bs-jan03.html
The tag line of my consultancy is "Bringing Social and Emotional Intelligence into the Workplace." The questions posed by the article point directly to what I hold most important in a leader which is humility gained from self-awareness. This is a simple string of words but represents an endeavor that requires courage and guidance on the part of the leader. For many if not most senior executives, this path is a distraction from what they believe is most important. But as Dr. Senge has pointed out repeatedly, the most damaging organizational systemic dysfunction is, "I am my position."
When I coach or consult or teach on this topic, I gain cooperation by reminding my clients or students a person who is emotionally and socially intelligent lives longer, is happier, makes more money and develops a healthier and more successful organizational culture. The healthier organizational culture they cultivate brings greater profit and strength to their system.
Certainly, the Buddhist traditions of deepening one's awareness of not only the self but of the world around us is a rich and beautiful cohort to Dr. Goleman's strong admonishment to be humble and serve others.
I feel very grateful for all the wise professionals who are showing the way toward this global systemic healing approach to leadership. Thank you.
Emotional intelligence is a global, age-old phenomenon, and just like IQ, people score on both sides of the bell curve, high and low. Considering markable differences in cultural and societal norms between the East and West (between states, regions, or even people of different occupations as well [e.g., the president of the country club and the leader of a biker gang in the same town]), having great emotional intelligence means something different in culture A than culture B. Likewise, if one particular individual predominately interacts with people of a similar background/culture, and seldom interacts with a much different culture, then maximizing resources on learning emotional intelligence within one culture is most efficient and there would be no incentive/value to learning emotional intelligence outside a single culture.
Being isolated to a single set of norms is normal for students of professional schools and young professionals, as little interaction with "cultural outsiders" is required. Additionally, the need for working together with classmates and professors of similar backgrounds further incentivizes and conditions emotional intelligence for a student's own cultural group. However, at some stage, these students later land jobs as managers, jobs where performance is weighed in ability to promote people of various disciplines, backgrounds and (increasingly) cultures to work together efficiently and effectively. Considering this difference in training for the manager and the real-wold scenario, it's quite clear that today's manager would benefit from studying the emotions of others.
It may seem prima facie as secrets from the East, but it's really just understanding a bit about the groups of people who work for you.
This blend of Eastern philosophy and Western process will prove to be a very good foundation and I am positive it will be of immense value to aspiring leaders across the globe.
Thank you,
Ms. Asha Sridhar
Managers today are faced with the most dynamic environment of all times and require much insight and experience to fulfil both organiosational and personal needs.
it is great today, to introduce much topics and training programmes that aim at improving the methods of leading and managing organisations.
We really need to improve our leadership styles if we have to direct the efforts of our followers. For Example, in my organisation i had unskilled staff on 28 August 2006, today most of them are graduates and have skill to monitor and control their performance. if i apply the traditional way of management, i lose some. however inorder to motivate them and appreciate their academic achievements i need to introduce new ways of management. we all need to be mindful when it cames to leadership.
Thank you
ds. By ethical ways or unethical ways. By any means or every means.
Following true north is a challenge. It becomes more challenging when you fail and do not meet your expectations. More you fail, higher becomes the gap between result and expetations. And those are the moments when you tend to compromise your values. You question your true north when you do not meet expecations of others and when your friends get more than you without following ture north. Those are the gray moments when you become desperate, frustrated and disappointed. You compromise your values when you do not believe your true north. So, the major obstacle arise in following true north when you start losing faith and belief in your values. So, there starts trade off between vaules and gray areas. And the higher values always overcomes gray area or obstacles. Therefore, values of higher magnitude and sustainable in nature always guides you in right and mindful direction
For far too long leadership has been about what (results) or how (tool/techniques) - finally it?s about who (the human being the leadership comes out of)!!
Or said another way: You may have the will and the capabilities but if you don?t have the focus (knowing your purpose, values and vision) you can?t lead. Not yourself nor others. And focus comes out of meditation. Reflective inquiry. Stilness.
True leadership comes from the inside out. For the benefit of the whole.
Best,
Bo Heimann
Fellow Ocford Leadership Academy, Denmark
As a natural consequence of this process, a person at this stage is supposed to have self-awareness and self-compassion. Empathy and Emotional Intelligence can also be easily derived within this teaching.
Peter Senge also has stories, writings, in this area.
Buddhist and Taoist thought and doing are effective.
("The Art of War" , "The Tao of Physics" ) A melded family of thought in this area is processwork - www.processwork.org.
The tao/dao pattern is natural. Matching Christopher Alexander's "A Pattern Language". So one explanation is that some are thinking more naturally, more wild.
I am cautious to get excited because it is so often the case that these concepts like "emotional intelligence" become very popular and everyone rushes out and reads the book, does the 2 day master class and then professes to know something. I think then for most people including leaders, these concepts largely remain an intellectual discussion that is mostly ego-driven and ends being a great way to avoid real expression of ones thoughts and feelings.
The other part is that corporations are renowned for a 'tick in the box" approach - do the course, have a few follow up group discussions, some personal 'executive coaching", maybe even a peer/staff feedback survey and you are done. And So, it becomes another leadership objective and a goal.
In my experience corporations large and small are environments in which people disavow aspects of self and this means there is seldom any real relationship between colleagues and leaders. This means, I think most people, fear expressing their real needs and other aspects of personality.
So the challenge we have is firstly people who recognise the need to change, don't always know how to and are often misguided by folly of their own ego's or others who are equally ignorant and secondly people don't want to change because it involves too much personal risk.
I firmly believe the only way we can change is in relationships. Mindful leadership is in danger of remaining a concept unless it is clear that it is a practice, a way of being and an ongoing relationship process, in which mistakes will be made. This means there must always be someone with more personal awareness able and willing to coach and mentor others beginning the process and continue to support them until they leave the organisation or at least get to a level of maturity in which they can become a coach themselves.
The problem with such an approach is money and until corporations are prepared to really invest in human change and tolerate the disruptiveness of it - I will remain doubtful.
I like the concept and the intention. I hope it does not remain one.
Dr C stressed upon the importance of mind and thought control through the use of secular techniques like concentration & meditation. His theory was that a mind under control would be a self-compassionate mind.
I have practiced those teachings ever since, and find that most of the time (unless I slip up, after all I am human), I end up being successful. I have delivered all the time, and I am liked by most colleagues, past & present.
The eternal balance between what is happening in our surroundings outside and whatever is going on inside our mind is required for enhancing competencies. Emotional intelligence is significant in case of situations of tremendous pressure and where more of presence of mind is required than high level of academic qualification only. The level of job satisfaction is also influenced by it as until we don't know what we really want, we will have always state of dissatisfaction and instability with no end of desires and that leads finally to dishonesty. Meditation helps us in that phase by finding the real locus of control inside us and that need to be focused. Self awareness helps at both levels either in groups or teams or to individual. In current era of technology and science we have lost our values, virtues and vision and living a life that is no more than of machine. There meditations helps us in wiping out the negative thoughts and mental blocks with a space to openness to others thoughts and reduces rigidity. I hope this fusion of studies and practices of east and west will help in bringing values that will spread across the cultures, boundaries and reach to summit at the end.
With best wishes,
Regards,
Shivani Tiwari
ving infrastructure will tell you what are it's strengths) but it is important to understand the difference in thinking.
All the best to William George and Yongey Rinpoche!
Best Regards,
Munjal Kamdar
munjal_k@hotmail.com
There is a big difference between the way East and West thinks and the business world will benefit when we bring them together as they complement each other.
However, many questions will arise : How would it confict or resolve in real terms the dilemmas of Leadership vis a vis the various multiplicity of norms, values, cultures, race, environment, structure, style and organization, etc.
Wouldn't it be wonderful if all nations and states would imbibe this concept? The whole world will know no wars.
If Leaders could be Mindful of themselves, genuine compassion will prevail in all dealings.
Emmanuel Duru
I have incorporated a number of mindfulness practices into my coaching and leadership development approach.
I believe that the power of reflection, and resilience - the ability to return to "True North" quickly in turbulent times - is underrated as yet, but in fact is critical to great leadership.
What is it about the human psyche that makes us myopic in vision? There are those that only look to satisfy their needs, and they fail to acknowledge/consider the needs of others. There are those of us who claim to be good listeners, but we are not active listeners. There are so many underlying issues that one must overcome to attain this "mindful" state. It requires a great amount of energy, time, and commitment.
This was definitely thought provoking. It is aligned with what I am studying in my Conflict Management class. I would like to recommend a book that is aimed at helping others recognize one's own needs (self awareness) and the needs of others (awareness of others). Please note, this topic of awareness is only one of many elements that support the overall idea of the book: collaboration. It is called: "The Eight Essential Steps to Conflict Resolution: Preserving Relationships at Work, at Home, and in the Community." The author is Dr. Dudley Weeks. Although not directly related, there are some elements in the book that correlate with the ideas of this article.